Abstract:

Recent decades exhibit a tendency to the rise of gynecological malignant tumors occurence, which makes a substantial contribution to women mortality rate. Wide application of surgery makes it crucial to specify the nature of a lesion, its location, and the degree of the neighboring tissue and lymphatic nodes involvement. Early recognition, accurate staging and localization, and timely recurrent tumor detection are the primary tasks of radiodiagnostics. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging show good results in gynecological tumors detection.

Clinical application of new radiological methods develops the diagnostic accuracy, decreases the number of errors and improves the survival rate. The basic radiological diagnostic procedures and the possibilities of their clinical application are discussed in the article in a form of the survey of literature.

Reference

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Abstract:

Technological advance in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) set the radiologists all over the world thinking of its application in patients with ischemic heart disease. Proved diagnostic efficiency of 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography nominates the technique to be a first-line screening method for coronary atherosclerosis: it allows quick, accurate, and non-invasive imaging and quantitative assessment of coronary lesions. Though the indications for MSCT has already defined, there still are contro-versies about its place in diagnostic strategy. The aim of our study was to picture the state-of-the-art MSCT capabilities, focusing on MSCT coronary angiography and its place in contemporary clinical medicine.

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Abstract:

Purpose. Was to determine the possibilities of transrectal ultrasound research (TUR) in grayscale-mode with the use of ultrasound angiography in diagnostics of rectitis and in monitoring its treatment in patients with prostate cancet (PC) after radiation therapy.

Materials and methods. The research consists of 62 patients with verified localized prostatic cancer (T13N01M0), which have already obtained conformed radiation therapy (RT) as a radical strategy. To estimate expressive radiation reaction patients were underwent transrectal ultrasound research before, during and after (in 3, 6, 12 months) radiation therapy. During the experiment, using grayscale-mode, the thickness of rectum front wall, its structure and echogenicity, and prostata capsula propria (lat.) tracking were estimated in dynamics. Vascularization of rectum front wall and pararectal cellulose was also analyzed in dynamics. Results of transrectal ultrasound were compared with clinical symptoms during the whole period of supervision, and were registered on the basis of patient’s personal note during and after treatment.

Results. Based on patients complaints we have noticed development of radiation rectitis (radiation therapy after-effect) which can be registered as higher thickness of rectum front wall, changes in its structure, decreasement of echogenicity and increased vascularization. The major part of patients with these changes noticed that such symptoms were therapeutically eliminated during supervision. Such echo-graphic changes won’t appear in case of prostate cancer progression and it can be used as a differential diagnostics between radiation therapy after-effect and prostate cancer growth.

Conclusion. Transrectal ultrasound allows to visualize early radiation rectitis implications in patients with prostatic cancer during radiation theraphy, and can promote the necessary treatment correction and advanced symptomatic therapy. 

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Abstract:

Modern radiodiagnostics of carotid arteries (CA) defeat has very important value in such patients' treatment tactics. CA reconstruction operations are based on 3 general factors - clinic and arterial blood flow lack in dynamics, special methods of extra- and intracrania brachial arteries diagnostics, risk of arterial blood flow lack. We have pointed indications for surgical prophylactics and necessary patients diagnostic methods. 

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Abstract:

Joint trauma is one of the major causes of the temporary disability in economically and socially active groups of population. Definitive preoperative diagnosis allows correct surgery planning, decrease sick-lists duiauon and niipiove quality of patients' life. MRI is the method of chice for pre-operative examination of the knee joint. However it is associated with high variability of diagnostic effectiveness. In this paper we focus on principal diagnostic errors of the technique and provide recommendations for the appropriate application of MRI on the basis of mul-ticentre experience.

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